If you are admitted to the U.S. in F-1 status and fail to comply with F-1 immigration regulations, you will be considered "out of status." To regain valid F-1 status you must either:
While out-of-status, you are subject to expedited removal from the U.S. and ineligible for any type of employment.
As an F-1 student you may lose your status for any of the following reasons:
Students should make the decision whether to travel or apply for reinstatement to regain F-1 status after consulting with an experienced immigration attorney, who will take the student's unique circumstances into account.
If you will travel and re-enter the U.S. with a new SEVIS record, follow the steps below: ISSS will issue and email you a Form I-20 for a new SEVIS record. Please note that eligibility for entry to the U.S. with your new Form I-20 will be determined by the US Customs official at the port-of-entry.
If you are out-of-status, you are only eligible to apply for reinstatement if you meet all of the following criteria: USCIS processing of a petition for reinstatement usually takes approximately one year, but may take longer, depending on USCIS workload. While a request for reinstatement is pending with USCIS, you: Out-of-status students are not eligible to apply for any student-related benefits while the reinstatement is pending.
After receipt of a decision from USCIS, notify ISSS immediately. If USCIS approves your petition for reinstatement, your SEVIS record will be corrected to Active status and ISSS will issue you a new Form I-20. If USCIS denies your reinstatement application, your SEVIS record will remain in Terminated status, and you will need to depart the US as soon as possible.
One of the criteria for off-campus employment benefits, such as CPT or OPT, is that a student must have been in lawful F-1 status for at least one academic year prior to qualifying. If you regain your status through reinstatement, and you had accrued at least one academic year in valid status before the status violation, that time can be used for purposes of qualifying for practical training after reinstatement.